From time to time, the emperor wrote Philip secret memoranda, impressing on him the high duties to which God had called him and warning him against trusting any of his advisers too much. He lived at a time of upheaval and change, with the Reformation and Counter-Reformation, shifting alliances among the major powers, expansion of Habsburg power (the phrase about the sun never setting on the empire was first applied to Philip’s reign), and economic changes. She is the daughter of Henry II. Philip II, (May 21, 1527 – September 13, 1598) was King of Spain from 1556 until 1598, King of Naples from 1554 until 1598, king consort of England, as husband of Mary I, from 1554 to 1558, lord of the Seventeen Provinces from 1556 until 1581, holding various titles for the individual territories, such as duke or count; and King of Portugal and the Algarves as Philip I from 1580. Philip’s third marriage, with Elizabeth of Valois, daughter of Henry II of France, in 1559, was the result of the Peace of Cateau-Cambrésis (1559), which, for a generation, ended the open wars between Spain and France. Philip II, engraving by Christopher van Sichem. Philip fathered a son by his fourth wife and cousin, Anna of Austria. He was married four times. He was Catholic.His rule was filled with troubles. He was a handsome fellow who was used to having his pick of Europe's most attractive women. Elizabeth of France was the daughter of Henry II of France … At this time Philip was in the Netherlands. Philip II of Spain inherited what was considered Europe’s most wealthy nation with no apparent economic problems. Philip II of Spain. It was no exaggeration, for in the case of Juan de Escobedo, the secretary of Don John of Austria, Philip even consented to murder. There were several attempts by Protestant to overthrow Mary. Philip II Habsburg of Spain, King of Spain, King of Portugal, King of the Algarves, King of Naples, King of Sicily, King of Sardinia, Duke of Burgundy, Lord of the Netherlands, was born 21 May 1527 in Valladolid, Spain to Charles V of the Holy Roman Empire (1500-1558) and Isabella of Portugal (1503-1539) and died 13 September 1598 El Escorial, Spain of unspecified causes. “His smile and his dagger were very close,” wrote his official court historian, Cabrera de Córdoba. Philip was the son of Charles V—the reigning Holy Roman emperor—and Isabella of Portugal. This was coupled with an almost pathological suspicion of even his most able and faithful servants. © 2021 Biography and the Biography logo are registered trademarks of A&E Television Networks, LLC. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. If you see something that doesn't look right, contact us! During his marriage to Queen Mary I, he was King of England and Ireland and pretender to … Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. He sought to limit the spread of Protestantism, and he ultimately completed the work of unification begun by Ferdinand and Isabella (the “Catholic Monarchs”) in the Iberian Peninsula. After his return to Spain from the Netherlands in 1559, Philip never again left the Iberian Peninsula. Elizabeth of France, Married 1559 - 1568. The fleet of ships were to sail to the Netherlands and the Duke of Parma and Spanish troops before invading England. for the character. Due to the lengthy absences of his father, he mainly grew up with his mother, absorbing a Spanish mentality and lifestyle. Philip II When Charles abdicated his various lands (1555–56), Philip II (1556–98) succeeded to all his father’s dominions except Germany. During his marriage to Queen Mary I, he was King of England and Ireland and pretender to the kingdom of France. King Philip II of Spain was born on May 21, 1527 in Valladolid, Spain. May 21, 1527 Valladolid, Spain September 13, 1598 El Escorial, Spain. From 1554 he was King of Naples and Sicily as well as Duke of Milan. King of Spain, 1556-98. She died in 1580. From 1543 Charles conferred on his son the regency of Spain whenever he himself was abroad. King Philip II of Spain with three of his wives—Elizabeth of Valois (left), Anna of Austria, and Maria of Portugal (right)—and his son, Don Carlos (behind), from. Emperor Charles V and his son Philip II, sardonyx cameo by Leone Leoni, 1550; in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York City. Margaret of Parma, the duke of Alba, Don John of Austria, Antonio Pérez, and Alessandro Farnese—to name only the most distinguished—suffered disgrace. Author of, Protestantism: The expansion of the Reformation in Europe. King Philip II of Spain, also known as Philip the Prudent, ruled one of the world's largest empires. He believed that it was his duty to rule fairly and to care for his subjects. Philip II was the king of Spain from 1556 and the king of Portugal from 1580 to his death in 1598. Key Facts & Summary: Philip II. During his reign the Spanish empire was severely challenged, and its economic, social, and political institutions strained almost to the breaking point. Philip II of Spain could be forgiven for feeling rather depressed when he first set eyes on his bride-to-be, his aunt Mary Tudor, Queen of England, shortly before their wedding in 1554. Back to the list of Leaders "One day, I will be able to look at the map of the world, but will have ceased to be a map of the world. From 1548 until 1551, Philip traveled in Italy, Germany, and the Netherlands, but his great reserve and his inability to speak fluently any language except Castilian made him unpopular with the German and Flemish nobility. Its successes, however, were also great. Philip’s spare and elegant appearance is known from the famous portraits by Titian and by Sir Anthony More. He was Catholic.His rule was filled with troubles. Alonso Sánchez Coello: King Philip II of Spain in Spanish court dress with the Order of the Golden Fleece, c. 1568 Philip’s life was dominated by the urgent concern of his succession. Philip contracted four marriages. Philip II (Spanish: Felipe II de Habsburgo; Portuguese: Filipe I) (May 21, 1527 – September 13, 1598) was the first official King of Spain from 1556 until 1598, king of Naples and Sicily from 1554 until 1598, King of England (co-regent with Mary I) from 1554 to 1558, King of Portugal and the Algarves (as Philip I) from 1580 until 1598 and King of Chile from 1554 until 1556. Philip II of Spain was a Taurus and was born in the G.I. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. Philip II of Spain synonyms, Philip II of Spain pronunciation, Philip II of Spain translation, English dictionary definition of Philip II of Spain. Philip had two sisters with whom he was close, Joanna and Maria of Austria. Mary Tudor became Queen of England in 1553. Philip II was born on May 21, 1527, in Valladolid, Spain. Peace concluded, Philip, who had been detained in the Low Countries, returned to Spain. The Habsburg dominions in Germany and the imperial title went to his uncle Ferdinand I. Upon Philip’s death in 1598, his second son ascended the throne as Philip III. How did these economic problems come about? Her only surviving son became Philip III. The sack of Antwerp (November 4, 1576) by Spanish troops during the Eighty Years' War. Philip II of Spain book. Philip II, King of Spain, was born at Valladolid on the 21st of May 1527. Philip was the self-proclaimed protector of the Roman Catholic Church. It was under his reign that Spain reached the height of its influence and power, and also of its artistic, literary, and musical excellence. Philip II of Spain has inspired artistic and cultural works for over four centuries, as the most powerful ruler in the Europe of his day, and subsequently a central figure in the "Black Legend" of Spanish power. Philip II of Spain started out as the powerful king of the Netherlands. During his reign the Spanish empire attained its greatest power, extent, and influence, though he failed to suppress the revolt of the Netherlands (beginning in 1566) and lost the “Invincible Armada” in the attempted invasion of England (1588). King Philip II of Spain, also known as Philip the Prudent, ruled one of the world's largest empires. During his marriage to Queen Mary I, he was King of England and Ireland and pretender to … He was taught Latin, Portuguese and Spanish growing up. https://www.biography.com/royalty/philip-ii. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. Philip, the only son of Emperor Charles V, was born in Valladolid in 1527. During world War II and was executed for treason by guillotine in 1793 abdication and execution returned Spain. Author of, Protestantism: the expansion of the Museo del Prado Madrid! Including four different state bankruptcies reigning Holy Roman Emperor Charles V, was born on 21! 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